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Lead vocalist
In popular music, the lead vocalist or lead singer is the member of a band who sings the main solo vocal portions of a song, in front of the accompanying musicians, who commonly play the rhythm and music and contribute harmony and backing vocals. In vocal group performances, notably in soul and gospel music, and early rock and roll, the lead vocalist takes the main solo vocal part, with a chorus provided by other group members as backing vocalists.
Especially in rock music, the lead vocalist or solo singer is the frontman or frontwoman, who may also play one or more instruments and is often seen as the leader or spokesman of the group by the public. As an example in rock music, Mick Jagger is the lead singer of The Rolling Stones. Similarly in soul music, Smokey Robinson was the lead singer of The Miracles.
==History==
The practice of using a lead singer in vocal groups has been traced to the work songs and spirituals sung by African-American slaves in the form known as "call and response". Songs of the late nineteenth century frequently used a leading solo voice (or "call"), followed by a choral response by other singers. As the style developed through early commercial recordings and performances in the early twentieth century, the role of the lead vocalist became more established, although popular groups of the 1930s and 1940s such as the Ink Spots and the Mills Brothers generally used different lead singers on different songs rather than keeping the same lead singer throughout. By the 1950s, singers such as Sam Cooke (with the Soul Stirrers) and Clyde McPhatter (with the Drifters) took on more clearly defined roles as lead singers, and by the end of the decade credited group names often changed to reflect the leading roles of the main vocalists, with examples such as Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers and Dion & the Belmonts.〔( David Horn, '"Lead Singer", in ''Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Volume II: Performance and Production'', A&C Black, 2003, pp.103-104 )〕
Academic David Horn has written:The influence of US rhythm and blues recordings may well be a crucial one in the assimilation of the format of lead singer plus backing group into the guitar-based British 'beat' groups of the 1960s, and in US groups such as the Beach Boys. From these various points - including Motown - it went on to become a standard device in much rock and pop music. In some groups - most famously, the Beatles - the role of lead singer alternated (in this case, principally between two performers), while in others - for example, Herman's Hermits - one lead singer dominated.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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